What is the name of objects that allow charge to flow at a reduced rate, often converting energy into heat or light?

The correct name for objects that allow charge to flow at a reduced rate, while often converting energy into heat or light, is resistors. Resistors function by limiting the flow of electric current in a circuit. When current passes through a resistor, it encounters resistance, which causes some of the electrical energy to be converted into thermal energy, resulting in heat. This property is described by Ohm's law, which relates voltage, current, and resistance.

In practical applications, resistors are used in various electronic devices to control current levels, divide voltage, and protect sensitive components from excess current. The heat generated in a resistor can also be utilized in devices like toasters or light bulbs, where the heat or light output is a desired effect.

Other options listed do not exhibit this characteristic. Capacitors store electrical energy but do not restrict current flow in the same manner as resistors. Inductors primarily store energy in a magnetic field when current flows through them, while switches are devices that either open or close a circuit, enabling or interrupting the flow of current without restricting it. Therefore, the function of resistors is distinct and fundamental in controlling the flow of electric charge.