What is the term used for an accumulated electric charge on an object?

The term that refers to an accumulated electric charge on an object is "electrostatic charge." This concept arises from the imbalance of electric charges on an object, which can occur through various processes such as friction, conduction, or induction. When an object becomes charged, it can either hold a positive or negative charge depending on whether it has lost or gained electrons.

Electric potential, while related to charge, refers specifically to the potential energy per unit charge at a point in an electric field, not to the charge itself. Resistance pertains to the opposition a material offers to the flow of electric current, and current flow is the movement of electric charge in a circuit. Therefore, electrostatic charge is the term that directly describes the condition of having an accumulated charge, distinguishing it from other notions in electricity.