What kind of component is a light-emitting diode (LED)?

A light-emitting diode (LED) is categorized as a semiconductor device that emits light. This means that it relies on the properties of semiconductor materials, which allow it to control the flow of electrical current and produce light when current passes through it. The process of light emission occurs due to electroluminescence, where electrons recombine with holes in the semiconductor material, releasing energy in the form of photons – which is the light that we see.

LEDs are distinct from other types of lighting components such as incandescent bulbs, which produce light through filament heating, and fiber optic components, which are used for transmitting light rather than emitting it. As a semiconductor device, an LED operates efficiently with low power consumption and has a longer lifespan compared to traditional mechanical light sources, making it a popular choice in various lighting applications.