What materials are typically used as conductors in electrical circuits?

In electrical circuits, materials that allow the flow of electric charge with minimal resistance are known as conductors. Copper and aluminum are the most commonly used conductors in various applications due to their excellent electrical conductivity, which allows for efficient current flow. Copper, in particular, is favored for its low resistivity, high thermal conductivity, and long-term reliability, making it a staple in wiring and electrical components. Aluminum is lighter and more cost-effective, which makes it suitable for certain installations, such as overhead power lines.

In contrast, rubber and plastic are insulators, meaning they inhibit the flow of electricity and are used to coat wires and prevent unwanted current flow. Similarly, wood and glass are also insulators, and steel and iron, while they can conduct electricity to some extent, are not as efficient as copper or aluminum and are typically used in applications where strength is needed rather than conductivity. Thus, the choice of copper and aluminum as conductors is based on their optimal balance of conductivity, durability, and practicality in electrical contexts.