What occurs in a short circuit?

In a short circuit, current flows through an unintended path. This occurs when there is a direct connection between two points in an electrical circuit that allows current to bypass the intended load or resistance. This often happens when insulation fails, leading to a direct short between conductive materials, or when wires touch each other unintentionally.

As a result of this unintended path, the resistance in that part of the circuit is significantly reduced, leading to a dramatic increase in the flow of current. If the current exceeds the safe limits, it can generate excessive heat, potentially causing damage to components, starting a fire, or blowing a fuse. Understanding the mechanics of a short circuit emphasizes the importance of circuit design and safety measures, such as fuses and circuit breakers, that protect against excessive current flow and potential hazards.